Mean Annual Temperature (2020–2024)

Overview

This dataset represents modeled global mean annual atmospheric temperature developed to support ISO 9223 atmospheric corrosivity modeling for the period 2020–2024.

Atmospheric temperature is one of the primary environmental variables influencing:

• Atmospheric corrosion rates
• Electrochemical reaction kinetics
• Chloride transport and persistence
• Sulfate deposition chemistry
• Time of Wetness (TOW)
• Atmospheric moisture dynamics

The raster represents estimated long-term mean annual atmospheric temperature conditions at approximately 1 km spatial resolution.

Units:

• Degrees Celsius (°C)

Background

Atmospheric temperature is a core environmental variable within the ISO 9223 atmospheric corrosivity framework and strongly influences corrosion kinetics, atmospheric chemistry, and moisture-related corrosion processes.

Temperature directly affects:

• Electrochemical reaction rates
• Atmospheric moisture retention
• Evaporation rates
• Chloride transport dynamics
• Sulfate reaction chemistry
• Time of Wetness behavior

This dataset was developed to provide global temperature estimates suitable for corrosion engineering, environmental modeling, and GIS-based exposure assessment.

Modeling Methodology

The temperature framework integrates atmospheric observations, climate reanalysis products, offshore measurements, and spatial interpolation methods.

Primary temperature inputs include:

• Surface meteorological observations
• Offshore buoy observations
• Climate reanalysis datasets
• Satellite-derived atmospheric products

The modeling framework incorporates:

Atmospheric Observations

• NOAA Integrated Surface Database (ISD)
• Government of Canada climate stations
• National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) observations

Climate Reanalysis

• NASA MERRA-2 atmospheric products
• Regional climate datasets
• Long-term climatological averages

Spatial Modeling

• Ordinary Kriging
• Empirical Bayesian Kriging
• Spatial interpolation methods
• Elevation correction techniques

Environmental Integration

• Terrain effects
• Coastal influences
• Regional climate gradients
• Atmospheric consistency checks

The resulting framework was designed to improve representation of ambient atmospheric temperature behavior across coastal, inland, mountainous, and remote environments.

Interpretation Guidelines

Temperature influences corrosion behavior differently depending on humidity, chloride deposition, sulfate deposition, and moisture persistence.

Spatial Resolution

Data Sources

Primary environmental inputs include:

• NOAA Integrated Surface Database (ISD)
• NASA MERRA-2 Atmospheric Reanalysis
• Government of Canada Climate Database
• National Data Buoy Center (NDBC)
• Supplemental atmospheric and climate datasets

Derived environmental layers include:

• Relative Humidity
• Chloride Deposition
• Sulfate Deposition
• Time of Wetness (TOW)
• Atmospheric Corrosion Layers

Intended Applications

This dataset may be used for:

• Atmospheric corrosion assessment
• ISO 9223 modeling
• Climate exposure analysis
• Environmental severity assessment
• Corrosion engineering
• GIS visualization
• Environmental modeling
• Enterprise API workflows

Related Datasets

Corrosion Layers

• ISO 9223 Steel Corrosion Rate
• ISO 9223 Zinc Corrosion Rate
• ISO 9223 Aluminum Corrosion Rate
• ISO 9223 Copper Corrosion Rate

Supporting Atmospheric Layers

• Mean Chloride Deposition
• Mean Sulfate Deposition
• Mean Relative Humidity
• Time of Wetness (TOW)

Supporting Coastal & Terrain Layers

• Distance to Coast
• Bathymetry 2024 – Terrain Elevation
• WindRIX Terrain–Wind Exposure Index
• Wind Resultant Direction (0–360°)
• Wind Speed

Attribution

Joseph Mazzella
AtmosphericIQ LLC
Engineering Director, Inc.

Dataset Citation

Mazzella, J. (2026). Mean Annual Temperature Raster (2020–2024). AtmosphericIQ LLC / Engineering Director, Inc.

Supporting Dataset Citations

NOAA ISD

NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI). Integrated Surface Database (ISD).
https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/products/land-based-station/integrated-surface-database

NASA MERRA-2

NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO). MERRA-2 Atmospheric Reanalysis Dataset.
https://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/reanalysis/MERRA-2/

Government of Canada Climate Data

Environment and Climate Change Canada. Historical Climate Data.
https://climate.weather.gc.ca/

National Data Buoy Center

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). National Data Buoy Center (NDBC).
https://www.ndbc.noaa.gov/

ISO 9223 Standard

ISO 9223:2012. Corrosion of metals and alloys — Corrosivity of atmospheres — Classification, determination and estimation.
https://www.iso.org/standard/53499.html

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